Chemistry

Quadrupole mass filters and guides are integral components in many mass spectrometers. These mass filters are typically operated with sinusoidal waveforms applied to the electrodes with opposing electrodes electrically connected and each pair receiving rf potentials that are 180° out of phase from each other.

The lithium-sulfur battery is considered a promising substitute for the current Lithium-ion battery due to its high theoretical energy density and relatively low cost. However, the discharge progress of lithium-sulfur batteries is still not fully understood because of the complexity of intermediate polysulfides products.

RNA undergoes extensive modification through enzymatic post-transcriptional editing events. Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing is one of the most widespread and impactful of these modifications and is catalyzed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs).

Fuel crops such as Sorghum bicolor and Panicum virgatum have been identified by The United States as Strategic Plants for rational bioengineering of the next generation of fuel crops. Under the Energy Independence Security Act of 2007, the U.S. established a national goal of replacing 30% of petroleum-based fuels with lignocellulosic fuels by the year 2030.